| 基于保鲜努力的生鲜农产品供应链信息获取策略研究 |
| Research on Information Acquisition Strategies for Fresh Agricultural Product Supply Chains Based on Preservation Efforts |
| 摘要点击 106 全文点击 0 投稿时间：2025-08-04 修订日期：2026-03-30 |
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| 中文关键词 关键词：生鲜农产品供应链；信息获取；第三方物流(3PL)；保鲜努力；纳什均衡 |
| 英文关键词 Keywords: Fresh agricultural product supply chain; Information acquisition; Third-party logistics (3PL); Preservation effort; Nash equilibrium |
| 基金项目 教育部人文社会科学研究资助项目（23YJC630066）；河北省社会科学基金资助项目（HB24GL042）； |
| 投稿方向 供应链管理 |
| 作者 | 单位 | 邮编 | | 姜帆 | 河北农业大学 | 071000 | | 白坤* | 河北农业大学 | 071000 |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 摘 要：本文研究由上游供应商和3PL与下游两个零售商组成的生鲜农产品供应链中，供应商和3PL的信息获取策略，以及3PL的保鲜努力决策和供应商的定价问题。模型中，上游供应商为下游两家零售商提供价格相同的生鲜农产品，通过3PL运输给零售商，3PL对生鲜农产品进行保鲜，零售商在终端市场上销售农产品且进行数量竞争。以Cournot博弈为研究手段，求解了零售商的均衡销售数量，制造商的最优批发价格和3PL的最优保鲜努力。分析比较了在供应商和3PL不同的信息获取策略下，零售商、供应商、3PL和供应链的利润。研究结果显示，供应商和3PL都获取信息始终是占优策略，供应商或3PL在获得下游信息后都有把信息共享给对方企业的动机。供应商和3PL能否成功获取信息受到新鲜度弹性和固定收益分担比例共同影响。当新鲜度弹性较高时，下游零售商会主动将信息共享给上游；当新鲜度弹性较低时，上游获取信息后零售商利润会降低，供应商和3PL需要通过提供补偿来获取信息。数值研究显示，批发价格、保鲜努力和供应链及其各成员的利润随着新鲜度弹性的增加而增加。该模型为供应商和3PL提供了最优定价、保鲜努力和信息获取策略，也为零售商提供了求解自身最优订货量决策的方法。 |
| 英文摘要 |
| Abstract: This paper studies the information acquisition strategies of the upstream supplier and 3PL, as well as the preservation effort decision of 3PL and the pricing problem of the supplier in a fresh agricultural product supply chain composed of an upstream supplier, 3PL and two downstream retailers. In the model, the upstream supplier provides fresh agricultural products at the same price to the two downstream retailers, which are transported to the retailers by 3PL. 3PL preserves the freshness of the agricultural products, and the retailers sell the products in the terminal market and engage in quantity competition. Using Cournot game as the research method, the equilibrium sales quantity of retailers, the optimal wholesale price of the manufacturer and the optimal preservation effort of 3PL are solved. The profits of retailers, suppliers, 3PL and the supply chain are analyzed and compared under different information acquisition strategies of suppliers and 3PL. The research results show that it is always a dominant strategy for both the supplier and 3PL to obtain information. After obtaining downstream information, both the supplier and 3PL have the motivation to share the information with each other. Whether the supplier and 3PL can successfully obtain information is jointly affected by the freshness elasticity and the fixed revenue sharing ratio. When the freshness elasticity is high, downstream retailers will share market demand information with upstream enterprises for free. When the freshness elasticity is low, the retailers' profits will decrease after the upstream obtains information, and the supplier and 3PL need to provide compensation to obtain information. Numerical studies show that the wholesale price, preservation effort and the profits of the supply chain and its members increase with the increase of freshness elasticity. This model provides the optimal pricing, preservation effort and information acquisition strategies for suppliers and 3PL, and also provides a method for retailers to solve their own optimal order quantity decisions. |
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